Deep Fault Drilling Project Oct 2014


Deep Fault Drilling Project
• Involves more than 100 scientists from 12 countries with diverse specialties
• Plan is to intersect the Alpine Fault at 1.1 km depth
• Rock drill core will be taken for detailed lab study
• Geophysical instruments will be installed deep inside the fault to provide ongoing monitoring
• This is the first time a major fault will be probed in detail prior to a major earthquake rupture

DFDP aims to answer three key questions:
• What will happen when the fault ruptures? What will be its impact on South Island infrastructure?
• Does the probability of rupture change through time? For example, from week to week?
• Can specialist monitoring provide warning of the next rupture?

Some flyers I made for the project:

Predicting earthquakes has been a dream of earth scientists for ages. Unfortunately progress has been limited to date.

To understand the difficulty facing earthquake prediction, consider weather prediction. To accurately predict weather we utilise tens of monitoring satellites, thousands of weather stations, and thousands of weather balloons daily. Because of the large amount of data collected over time we are able to understand the complex physics and interactions driving the weather and accurately model over a week into the future.

By comparison faults are a black box. We rely on observations of rocks brought up to the surface, and geophysical data measured at a distance. Only through studies like DFDP can we determine the rock type, frictional properties, temperature, stress state, and fluid pressures, which can all contribute to earthquake physics. Although we may be a long way from accurately predicting earthquakes, studies like DFDP can give us the data we need to understand how faults behave leading up to a major earthquake.


        Examining cuttings

        Inspecting the wellhead

        Determining the depth to the water table in the DFDP-2A borehole

        Late night sampling of cuttings

        Scanning the core

        A rare sunny day


        Monitoring the gas concentrations

Cave Creek - Porari River Oct 12

Keen for a day off and a chance to escape the Alpine Fault drillsite for some much needed R&R in the Paparoa karst, I called up a few friends, speedily packed my boat, sleeping bag, a few clothes and a bit of food, and stood thumb drawn on the curb at the end of Whataroa. Not many cars on the road for a nice day, it took the better part of an hour to get out of town. Two very memorable hitches (whole stories in themselves) brought me to Greymouth, followed by a further hitch on to Runanga to stay with Mary. I called Paul and it sounded like we were all on for a paddle down Cave Creek starting early the next day.

I caught a ride to 12 Mile with Linda on her newspaper run just in time to meet Leon arriving at Paul's. After a brief but hearty reunion we set off for Punakaiki. Paul opted out, worried about the possibly severe storm damage from the unprecedented April windstorm, but would be our car shuttle hero. No one had been down Cave Creek since the devastating storm, and the middle reaches are seldom visited. Leon grabbed a kayak from Ken and I was kindly loaned a wetsuit. Ken seemed to share Paul's skepticism but wished us well none-the-less. When Ken asked me where my kayak was and I pointed to my modestly sized bag (with packraft in it) he gave me a queer look. I felt pretty confident it would do the trick.

        Walking man's other best friend

In little time we were at the end of the road in Bullock Creek. Paul said "nice to have know us" or possibly something more positive and off we went. I helped Leon carry his kayak when I wasn't too entertained by taking photos of him walking it along the track. He handled it well, even down the steps to Cave Creek and over the rocks below. We were good and hot in our wetsuits by the time we reached the creek. Most people walk the track to where it deadends at the big gaping entrance of Cave Creek Cave, one of the overflow piracies of Bullock Creek. Very few realize that continuing downstream is a beautiful limestone gorge complete with picturesque side waterfalls and karst springs. Slippery rocks and deep pools quickly dissuade most. Although certainly a very remote and somewhat committing place once you paddle far enough to not return, in most cases the creek makes a stunning trip down to and out the Porari valley. Leon handled his boat heroically over and around the many rocks while I innocently scrambled past, my boat still conveniently in my pack. After about 500m of navigating the rocky gorge, we stopped at a beautiful waterfall pouring in from the left. Here a small beach provided the perfect place for me to inflate my Alpacka. In a few minutes time I was ready to go and we were both off.

        Upper Cave Creek


        Inflated and ready to go!

Initially the stream was looking to be in excellent shape, little evidence of recent windfall as we quickly floated down long corridors and over small mini-riffles. On the right we came to one of the last major Bullock Creek resurgences that enter the creek, Paul's Naked Eel Resurgence. Leon stopped to have a quick look to report back to Paul. Peering just beyond the next corner we could hear pounding of a waterfall and see mist flying off into the air. This falls was even more impressive than the first. This trip was starting to exceed my already high expectations. Further, the packraft was working out just fine as long as I was ever-cautious to avoid shallow snags lurking just beneath the surface.




The scenery changed with each passing corner. A few tree/log obstacles started appearing in the creek but conveniently we were able to thread through them one way or the other. After a few more turns we encountered our first creek-spanning log requiring us to portage over. Although initially cold, the sun came out and it turned out to be a fantastic day, wetsuits hardly even needed. We took advantage of a sunny little beach for a quick lunch stop. Shortly after our nut and lolly break, the windfall had finally caught up to us- long hallways with logs haphazardly thrown about, and unfortunately many branches blocking safe passage downstream. Over a half dozen of these logjams required me to gingerly portage my craft, whereas Leon could boldly slide over most obstacles with a little momentum. This is the part of the trip where his craft excelled, but I didn't mind a little extra challenge and inconvenience at this stage. Regardless of the downed trees, the creek was still stunningly beautiful and the usually open bush surrounding us offered surprising views of sky. The windfall was impressive though and had us briefly worried the trip could take much longer than anticipated.



Gradually limestone began appearing on the side of the creek again indicating we had passed through the center of the Paparoa syncline. At the same time obstacles became less frequent and easier to avoid. From here on the limestone would continue to climb around us until it peaked in great 300m blue cliffs in the lower Porari. We came upon an interesting submergence on the side of the creek which shortcuts the Porari confluence and has been dye traced to exit at the main Porari resurgence over 500m away in a straight line. The small hole sucked in a surprising amount of the Cave Creek flow, and with great speed, even indicating a decent drop and some distance before a sump would be encountered. Leon had a quick look. I couldn't resist the call so I decided to give it a half decent look. Cautiously I entered foot first, feeling the pull of the current in the narrows but confident a return would be easy. Onward I proceeded, shortly encountering a narrow pancake slot where a block had fallen from the roof. This obstacle likely would have deterred most other curious individuals. With a little pressure on my chest, I managed to clear the squeeze and crawl out the other side. Back into the stream and onward a bit the water raced rapidly down a narrow bell-shaped corridor. I could see straight ahead another 10m or so but without another caver decided the force of the water was a bit much and it might be a better push for low water conditions. While the passage size was modest and there was no real airflow, the flow certainly showed no sign of immediately sumping and the possibility remained that it could encounter the main Bullock Creek cave system in a sizable passage on its way to the resurgence. At any rate the cave is still there for another day.


From here it was smooth sailing to the Porari confluence. Leon noted the incredible damage at what used to be quite a picturesque spot. It is quite clear the coast will take years to recover from the great storm. A couple shallow riffles brought us to the Porari swingbridge. This stretch of the Porari was stunning! I was impressed by the narrow towering gateway of the place. We turned a dark corner to the left into the sun which afforded a long view down the Porari, whose canyon walls increase in height downstream due to the syncline. Paradise!


We passed the Porari resurgence which spat out a significant volume of water from the limestone. A few hundred meters down I began recognizing landmarks; we were at the furthest upstream extent I had reached before. The lower Porari was brightly sunny though with a bit of a headwind. Leon charged on ahead, but I was in cruising mode, eager to savor the last of this magnificent stretch of river. The last stretch of the river was the slowest. We reached the end as whitebaiters looked on. I thought my Alpacka performed very well and I would happily take it down again. Although I had to be more careful than Leon, being able to hike without manhandling a boat made it well worth it overall. My Alpacka continues to open my eyes to the incredible possibilities available in New Zealand.


        The stunning lower Porari


We followed the trip with a relaxing afternoon of blissful sun at the 12 Mile, including a nice sunset beach walk with geological tour, impromtu bouldering, and stick throwing for dog. I slept soundly that night in a sleepout cantilevered over the Tasman Sea. For only a couple days off it was a most rejuvenating visit with friends and a beautiful trip through a seldom visited place.

        A sunny day at the 12 Mile


Thanks to Leon, Paul and Mary. Photos of me by Leon.

Wanganui River Oct 10


A free afternoon of fine weather miraculously materialized between attending a workshop in Franz Josef and going back on to a regular drilling shift. Equally miraculous a spare car and two passengers keen for a walk and hot spring soak. We drove over to the Wanganui River, the next major valley north of the Whataroa. I had heard the bottom 10km or so made a good introduction to Class III West Coast heli-kayaking which I interpreted as a prime packrafting run. I could go for a run/tramp on the track up the valley, scouting the river as I went. When the time was about right or the river started looking scary I could suit up, inflate, and off I could go back down the way I came.

Initially I strolled with Jamie and Anton down the track but soon I became restless and eager to see as much as I could with the few hours I had. I would be solo from here on and meet them at Amethyst Hot Springs, conveniently right at my take out. As I ran on, the track quickly deteriorated to riverside boulder hopping interspersed with muddy bush track with knee-depth mud pits. We left the cars at a gloomy drizzle but the surrounds turned to sunny skies as I headed upvalley.


The river looked fantastic, a beautiful boulder strewn, fast moving, glacial blue. I saw a couple features that impressed me and noted a navigable route for my later passing. I made it a little past Mystie Flat (~6km) before deciding it was time to inflate. I wanted to be sure to have time to stop over at the hot springs after all. I made quick time and quick movements inflating my raft and putting on my suit as the sandflies looked for their window of opportunity. Soon I was off, quickly paddling to thread my way through the first long rapid, which had a committing finish. I soon got into the stride of it which allowed for plenty of chances to enjoy the rapidly changing views. Threading through boulders and charging through long waves trains, other stresses and commitments happily faded.


Before too long I made it to the beach at the Hot Spring Creek confluence. I tied off my packraft and jaunted up the creek. I quickly discovered the hot springs were nowhere near the location marked on the map but intuition guided me to a curious creek dropping over a terrace on the true right. I crossed over and sure enough, warm water. I followed the creek up through a marshy area to about a half dozen very hot sources. It was clear the springs had not been used in a while but I could see that with the right maintenance they could be made into a comfortable soak in a magic spot. After dipping little more than a foot in one of the pools I was satisfied and it was time to head on.

        Hot Spring Creek

        Hot Spring Flat

The Class II obstacles continued and I made good time, much faster than the run/tramp up. One final almost gorge and the valley began to open up on the rangefront. One final spectacular hole made the last obstacle of consequence and then a somewhat calmer drift down shallow riffles to Amethyst hot springs where Jamie and Anton were comfortably waiting. I joined them for a pleasant soak before we drove back just in time for dinner. It was very high value for only about a 3hr jaunt. I would love to do it again, next time venturing a bit further upstream for some new river. Hopefully my onsite schedule will allow a few more fine weather jaunts. The coast has so much fine packraft potential!

        Amethyst Hot Springs at paddle's end